Maternal Health And Child Health - 2339 Words

Introduction In 2015, 303 000 women died due to pregnancy or childbirth-related complications and 5.9 million children died under the age of 5 (WHO, 2016). Furthermore, over 45% of the child deaths occur during the first 28 days of life. The majority of the maternal and child deaths occur in low and middle-income countries and, moreover, a child from a poor background in these countries is 56 times more likely not to survive the first 5 years of life (Lassi et al., 2014). The problem of poor maternal, neonatal and child health persists in the majority of low- and lower-middle income countries and it largely contributes to the high rates of premature mortality. Preterm birth complications, birth asphyxia and birth-related trauma,†¦show more content†¦There is a vast number of different interventions available to improve maternal and child health. However, it is still unclear which interventions are the more appropriate for the low- and middle-income countries, where the burd en is the heaviest and healthcare resources are very scarce. To understand whether the maternal and child health needs of poor communities are best served by focusing attention on the delivery of a few but cheap and effective interventions, this paper examines current situation and interventions available in two different countries - Ghana and Sri Lanka. This essay also emphasizes the importance to consider existing disagreements about how the policies and interventions should be delivered to address the needs of poor communities. Ghana and Sri Lanka. An overview of the current situation. The case study of two countries from low- and middle-income groups would be well suited to investigate what interventions would be the best to address the maternal and child needs in these communities. In order to compare the effectiveness of interventions, a country with high maternal and child mortality - Ghana (low-income group) and a country with relatively low mortality - Sri Lanka (lower-midd le income group) were examined. These countries are relatively

Lv Ptlls Free Essays

The purpose of assessment falls into 5 main categories. Initial, (at the beginning) diagnostic (example: testing for existing knowledge), formative, (ongoing) summarize (at the end) and passive (self). Gravels states, Assessment is a regular process: it might not always be formalized, but you will be observing what your learners are doing, asking them questions, and reviewing their progress. We will write a custom essay sample on Lv Ptlls or any similar topic only for you Order Now So why do we actually assess learners? Gravels (2012) argues that â€Å"It enables you, the assessor, to ascertain if you the learner has gained the required skills ND knowledge needed at a given point towards a course or qualification†. Further reasons to asses are that assessment can highlight weakness and highlight strengths, it is also an excellent piece of feedback for both students and teachers which can be used for a review also. The first assessment that should take place should be an initial assessment. This will ensure that the learner is on the right course. Gravels (2012) states that if you place the learner on a course qualification they may not achieve, it is placing them at a distinct disadvantage. Completing an initial assessment goes however also have positive aspect, if the learner shows a lack of knowledge in a specific area the teacher would be able to plan for specific need and make arrangements for future learning, therefore promoting equal opportunities by allowing a range to different ability learners to complete the program. CAD (2012) describes an initial assessment as â€Å"Initial assessment of each newly arrived pupil’s learning helps teachers consider the pupil’s specific needs and plan opportunities that will help remove any barriers to learning they might have†. Formative assessments are always ongoing throughout a course, it will roved opportunities to adapt learning to the students needs, it will also highlight any weakness that may need to be addressed, thus improving learning. In a care job this may be done by supervisions, watching how people work. Guidance and support should be given on any areas they are no so good at. Constructive feed back in many opinions are best to use. Just like a driving test many fail first time yet more than 95% of those who attempt eventually pass. (Petty 1 998) Summarize assessments sums up what a candidate can do, a summarize assessment usually leads to a pass or fail situation. However, an NV is scribed as a â€Å"competence-based qualifications. They reflect the skills and knowledge needed to do a job effectively, and show that a candidate is competent in the area of work the NV framework represents. CAD (2012). A disadvantage of this type off assessment is that an NV is a qualification you should not fail you are given time to pass and are allowed to practice and make mistakes this may imply that failure is k, and that you can just to start again but in care a job should be done first time and no mistakes should be made, this would be an ideal world but after all we are human and mistakes re m ade. That is where an NV has its advantages it allows you to make mistakes and try again and by doing this you are constantly learning and you become more competent in what is to be done. For effective learning to take place it is important to involve the learner in the assessment process. Initially this could be done by sharing and clarifying the assessment process with the learner ensuring they understand what the assessment criteria is and how they can meet that criteria. After the assessment it is important to give the learner useful feedback that they can fleet on and actions that they could take for further assessments. Gravels states â€Å"All Learners need to know how they are progressing and what they have achieved. F-dieback will encourage and motivate them†. Giving Feedback is an essential part of the assessment cycle, feedback shows and encourages both learners and trainers how they are progressing. It is not a criticism and should be helpful to learners to understand their behavior and actions. Scales (2008) states â€Å"The willingness of learners and teachers to give and receive feedback is at the heart of formative assessment’. The feedback sandwich is a well trusted and standard model of delivering feed back. The trainer should first ask learners for self assessment followed by trainers positive recognition Of achievements and strengths on top. Feedback should be neither too extensive nor brief and if there are many areas of change a learner need to address, a maximum of only 3 should be given initially, so the learner is not overwhelmed. Feedback being a two way process should be delivered in a positive manner, be it verbally, written or electronically. Its delivery should be descriptive, instructive and targeted specifically at the learners areas of development in order to motivate them. Feedback is an essential part of effective learning. It helps students understand the subject being studied and gives them clear guidance on how to improve their learning. Questions must be asked thought or as learning is ongoing to ensure there is an understanding. Peer and self assessment are a great way of involving learners as it allows them to give constructive feedback. Self and peer assessments are always ongoing. Looking at gaps and what else needs doing. Improving own knowledge and looking at difficulties. Discuss with others who can support you to over come things. Encourage sharing of knowledge and Information. Self-assessment plays an important part in enhanced learning as by making the learner think about their own strengths and weaknesses it enables them to highlight those areas of skill or knowledge on which they need to work. Learners can also be used as a learning resource explaining something to another student for example or by giving peer feedback, by getting the learner to take on the teacher’s role it makes them think about their own knowledge and how to get that knowledge across thereby promoting self- assessment. Peer assessment really helps the rapport of the group as they are working together by giving constructive criticism and points for development. Peer and self-assessment, where students assess each other and themselves, can encourage students to take greater responsibility for their learning, for example, by encouraging engagement with assessment criteria and reflection of their own performance and that of their peers. Through this, students can learn from their previous mistakes, identify their strengths and weaknesses ND learn to target their learning accordingly. Getting students to become more active in their learning in this way can help to alter the perception of learning as being a passive process whereby students listen to you and absorb the information in order to regurgitate during a subsequent assignment. If students are participants rather than ‘spectators’, they are more likely to engage with their learning. For peer evaluation to work effectively, the learning environment in the classroom must be supportive. Students must feel comfortable and trust one another in order to provide honest and constructive feedback. Instructors who use group work and peer assessment frequently can help students develop trust by forming them into small groups early in the semester and having them work in the same groups throughout the term. This allows them to become more comfortable with each other and leads to better peer feedback. Assessment methods vary greatly and each have their own strengths and weaknesses. A test or questioning would be two good initial assessments as they can be used to gauge how much prior knowledge a learner has. They could also be used as formative assessments comparing the answers to the earner’s earlier answers to measure how far they have progressed. Limitations of tests and questioning can be some people can crumble at tests. Know it all but cannot get it down onto paper also may find it difficult to explain. Tests may cause anxiety and cause people to feel pressured. May only allow for specific answers without chance to expand. Tests and certain types of questioning may not be suitable due to barriers. Lack of confidence or even ability to read can affect the person. Other support may be needed to allow them to complete the task. An observation makes for a good formative or summarize assessment as it ivies the learner the opportunity to demonstrate the skills and or knowledge they have gained, the drawback of an observation however is that the natural behavior of anything being observed is likely to be altered by the observation. Assignments are another method of assessment, again they give the opportunity for the learner to demonstrate knowledge and can be used either as a formative or summarize assessment. However they can be very intimidating if the learner struggles with putting concepts into words. Historically exams were used as a means of summarize assessment, when regained correctly an exam is difficult to cheat and a good way to measure knowledge, the drawback however is that not everyone is suited to sitting exams. Nerves, environmental factors even the quality of sleep the night before could all affect the results. Another useful assessment tool is the learning journal (can be formative and summarize) used in part by the author. This informative method can be used by either learners or trainers. It reinforces learning points by listing, promotes creative thinking by asking learners/trainers to compile a tool kit of materials or ideas. It also allows reflection on learning and empowers learners to express any concerns they may have or what personal development needs they may aspire too. Limitations can include not having correct information to begin with, information must be needs to be factual and concise. Not everything can be documented/recorded. One of the major disadvantages of journals, logs and portfolios is the difficulty some students experience, through lack of familiarity and practice, with writing reflectively. The superficial accounts of events that can result from this have little educational alee – for either the assessor or the assessed student. Record keeping is the documentation of information imparted in regards of codes of conduct, over time they are the evidence of what the learner has achieved and will also show what other knowledge needs to be provided. Records are usually kept on paper files and/or electronically; Good, accurate records are important for teachers, learners, verifiers, training providers, and inspectors and for employers as they can keep a track on the individual’s development and progress as well as in the teachers/college performance ND professionalism in delivering the subject. Additionally, it is a legal requirement to keep accurate and up to date records on learners as it serves as a clear channel for external, as well as internal, audits; providing accurate and up to date records is to prove and account for the training/lesson effectiveness and the progress of learners or even special needs for other learners. An example is records of course/ lesson attendance will show up gaps in knowledge. Records should identify if further action is required and, if so, a record of the action should be completed. Assessment forms will operate in a similar way. How to cite Lv Ptlls, Papers

Once Upon a Time... free essay sample

Kelly McDermott WRTG 1 1 50/Albert Literacy Narrative Final 28 August 2010 Once upon a time Writing does not happen like it does in fiction, with inspirational background music, and a sudden appearance ofa beautiful Greek muse. Writing is easy. You only need to stare at a blank piece of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead. (Gene Fowler). People do not sit for hours in front of a computer screen, fghting with a word-processers grammar, because it is fun. Writing can be either worse than the fires from Dantes famous inferno or more lovely than true love, but, n either case, often a needed explosion of brain cells. For me, forming meaning from what started out as inscriptions on cave walls is more than creating art or a little need, but essential. It is not only what I do. Writing is my identity. Delving into my fresh idea for my novel this summer, I found a book that told me how to write a novel in a month. We will write a custom essay sample on Once Upon a Time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though I did not in fact write half a novel in a month, several things the author said still are a large part of my everyday writing experience. An exercise he suggested the reader do was to sit down with some background music (l chose Sun Dance: Summer Solstice), and write for fifteen minutes about something always wanted/wished for in our own life. What I did write is surprisingly personal to me, but I will say that even now reading it will still shock me; I had no clue that I had the feelings that I did bottled up inside. I remember the only conscious thought I had during the entire writing burst was hmm I guess I kinda would like Then I finished writing and my soul was peeking at me between the scrawls on the scrap paper I had decided to use for this useless looking exercise. Eighth grade was the ear that I decided: I would write a novel, I would have it published, and I would be famous. I still have the handwritten original twenty or so pages I wrote five years ago. However, my novel has taken on a completely new basic plot as a freshman in college. I had teachers who taught me how to write using the amazingly in-depth grammar available to me, and I had teachers who taught me about life itself, and that is what my novel is now about: life (using parapsychology to give it a supernatural mood). My favorite teacher in up through high school my best friends mom, referred o as either Mom or Mrs. Thompson. She was my tenth grade honors comp-lit teacher, my humanities one and two teacher, and she was my advanced placement literature instructor senior year. She scared me. Still does usually. Her grading was not what terrified my senior class, or her Look (although that was rather effective when done at the right moment), but rather, her disappointment. When I wrote something horrible in Mrs. Thompsons class I did not care what the number written on the bottom was All I cared about was actually whether she liked it or not, and hether I had her time had been wasted in the end or not. The books we read in my literature class were not assignments; they were gifts from Mrs. Thompson. Read well-written novels that spoke morals? YES! Reading for classes and for fun in free people that I was reading the Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling when I was in second grade and reading adult level books in middle school. Personally, I am surprised that I did not decide earlier in my life than the last year in my middle school that writing a novel would be a good idea. What actually surprises me most is what has helped me ost with my actual writing: a website. Goodreads. com has a spot where one can search for quotes from authors and famous people and I have always enjoyed reading quotes. When I began reading quotes from Stephan King, however, I began to improve all my writing, not Just my little novel. Not that I have actually read any of his stories myself. Only his quotes and his book On Writing, which discusses his own writing advice and experience. It has been enough to make him one of my favorite author role models. He makes me laugh, feel inspired, and most importantly, he akes me get off my writers block by telling me simply, you can, you should, and if youre brave enough to start, you will. Too many books on writing tell the aspiring writers who read them to let inspiration come to them, but that is nothing like any writing realistically works. miou [cannot] wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club Cack London). Writing a paper that delves into the rhetoric of Heart of Darkness by Conrad will not be affected much by inspiration, and writing a poem on the beauty of a tree should bypass conscious inspiration if done correctly. Writing, to me, is saying what I cannot always handle thinking, or rather, my thoughts draining from my brain onto a page without passing my conscious go. For years, Journaling was to me as numbers are to an accountant: no longer exciting, but it was what I did. Writing in a Journal became almost an obligation to tell the invisible person inside the pages the important things happening in my life. Suddenly, in high school, writing developed a completely different meaning in my world, the change beginning with the mystical quality of poetry. The first poem I wrote for my ninth grade honors comp-lit class assignment shocked me with its intensity. We were each given a list of twenty words, and were to choose ten to have in our individual poems, and focus a theme on. It was not the last poem I wrote. Now when I write a poem, Journal, or work on my novel, doing so is not an obligation, doing so could often be considered enlightening by the insight I will often get inside of my own mind. When I picture a poet, I either see my friend Juliana leaning over a tiny notebook in class or Emily Dickenson, sitting by a window, closed off from the world. A novelist? A gray bearded man typing away at an old-fashioned typewriter. Yet here I am, lying on my carpet in my dorm room with a laptop, listening to show tunes and Pandora Radio, and I consider myself in the same league. My goal? Writing isnt about making money, getting famous , or making friends. In the end, it is about enriching the lives of those who will read your work, and enriching your own life, as well. It is about getting up, getting well, and getting over. Getting happy, okay? Getting happy (Stephan King).

Stephen Blackpool Essay Example

Stephen Blackpool Paper After this tragic incident Blackpool returns back to his home with the intention to leave Coketown and seek his fortune elsewhere. In the meanwhile Louisa who is accompanied by Tom both arrive to see Stephen. Louisa expresses her concern for Stephens plight and offers him money. Stephen accepts, but insists that they are only a loan.  From this incident my colleagues we discover something new about Blackpool, that he is someone who likes to take minimum assistance and favors of people even when in desperate, critical situations. Nevertheless the latter statement can only be restricted to financial help and not all kinds of aid. This is because, before Louisa and Tom leave Tom Pulls Stephen urgently out of the room and says that he might be able to do him a favor and Stephen is ready to take the assistance in this matter.  After Tom is taking Blackpool outside his room he tells him be outside Bounderbys bank at night and wait for an hour or so. He says that if he can help Stephen he will give Bitzer a message for him. Tom claims that Louisa will agree with what he has in mind, and this single fact seems to persuade Stephen to agree to Toms request. We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen Blackpool specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen Blackpool specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen Blackpool specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Stephen dutifully spends three nights outside the bank. On the last, he remains there for over two hours, making sure that Bitzer sees him in case the latter has a message for him. Nothing happens. The next morning Stephen leaves Coketown alone.  Dear colleagues, we all know why no message is given to Blackpool as he waits outside the bank and this is because Tom has no real plan to aid him but only uses him as a cover up whilst Tom himself does the bank robbery. This highlights Blackpools inability to analyze and make true judgements about people and, what they say causes him to fall in Toms trap and many other disasters.  Until Chapter four of Book The Third, Toms plan is operating smoothly and Bounderby is thinking that Stephen does the robbery. So by now, my colleges Blackpool experiences injustice and industrialization, which are two themes strongly highlighted by the novel.  In the next chapter, which is five Blackpools whereabouts are still not known Rachael fears he may have been murdered. Sissy suggests that he may have fallen ill on his way back, but Rachel says all possibilities have been exhausted. Colleagues, Blackpool is used here as literary device i.e. to create suspense in the reader as what is the fate of Stephen Blackpool now.  In the following chapter Sissy and Rachael go for a walk seven miles away from Coketown. They are in a green countryside, which is filled with mines, and it is indeed one of these pits into which Blackpool has fallen. Sissy finds his hat lying on the ground. This causes a search party to find Stephen and once he is found he has a chance to speak to Rachael, Louisa and Thomas Grandgrind. He still insists that it is aw a muddle, but that he has become resigned to that. He asks Grandgrind to clear his name about the robbery, and , holding Rachaels hand, he dies. Stephen Blackpool Essay Example Stephen Blackpool Paper A 19th century university once described a Victorian Gentleman as a person of nature and one who never inflicts pain. Dickens uses Bounderby in the novel Hard Times to make a mockery of the Victorian Gentleman. Bounderby is seen as a Victorian gentleman, but it does not take too much analysis to appreciate that Bounderby is a fraud. Bounderby is a very proud man. He tells the story or his own raising from the gutter many times throughout the novel, this is a short extract from a conversation that he had with Mrs Sparsit in Book 1 Chapter 3 I passed the day in a ditch, and the night in a pigsty. Thats the way I spent my twelfth birthday. Not that a ditch was new for me, as I was born in one. I was so ragged and dirty, that you wouldnt have touched me with a pair of tongs. It is relevant that this is the first time we meet Bounderby he is telling of his hardships as a juvenile as first impressions are important. Dickens obviously wanted to give us the impression that Bounderby was inconsiderate and self-praising. This may have been Dickens way of suggesting that the social hierarchy in Victorian times was unreasonable. We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen Blackpool specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen Blackpool specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen Blackpool specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Not only does Bounderby constantly remind people of his bad childhood, but also he claims to have made it on his own Nobody to thank for being here but myself The 19th century definition of a Victorian Gentleman also says he never speaks with himself except when compelled. This is in fact the complete opposite to what Bounderby repetitively does throughout he essay as he also speaks highly of himself, and only himself. Although he is a best friend of local school headmaster, Mr Gradgrind, Bounderby is more interested in money and power than in facts. He himself is a fiction, and a fraud as Mrs Pegler turns up and tells of how Bounderby paid her i 30 a year to stay away from him Josiah in the gutter.. no such a thing My dear boy knows, he comes of humble parents Dickens didnt think highly of Victorian gentlemen, this is shown when he uses Mrs Pegler to notify us of how Bounderbys love for money means more to him than his love for his family. When Mrs Pegler reveals Bounderbys status as a fraud, we react with irritation towards him. His whole character is based around his own raising from the gutter, the fact that this is a lie, makes us lose our trust in him, if we had any to begin with. It is not only our trust for Bounderby that we lose, but our respect for him too. The book is written so that the reader has a blatant dislike for Bounderby, but one must respect him for working his way from the gutter to the top of the social hierarchy. Until we hear the truth, all our respect for him is about his own self-raising, when we discover the truth, we lose that respect and we have little or no respect for him. This news about Bounderby is discovered it is rather ironic, as he has gone through life with his often-repeated declaration I am Josiah Bounderby of Coketown This quotation shows his inflated sense of pride for the way he was raised (by himself) and for how he turned out, in other words, his wealth. Darren Cave Page 1 5/2/2007 Although as it turns out, Bounderby was not actually raised by himself from the gutter, his parents were poor but did love him. This should mean that he has sympathy for others who are like he was in his childhood. Instead, he believes that everyman should work himself to the top, starting from the bottom, supposedly like him. This is shown in his treatment of Stephen Blackpool. Stephen comes to discuss how he could go about getting a divorce from his wife. Stephen works for Bounderby and has had a very troubled marriage as his wife is a drunken and robs him. When Stephen questions Bounderby about a divorce, Bounderby asks him if he wishes to be fed on turtle soup and venison with a gold spoon as he has unreasonable aspirations for a worker.

How to Test for Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives

How to Test for Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives How to Test for Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives How to Test for Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives By Mark Nichol One of the ways adjectives can be categorized is to determine whether they are coordinate or noncoordinate adjectives. This distinction is important, because it dictates whether two or more consecutive adjectives are separated by punctuation. For many writers, however, deciding which category an adjective belongs to can be a challenge. Fortunately, two simple tests are available to help writers know how to treat strings of adjectives. First, if two or more adjectives are separated by commas, can and substitute for each comma? Because each of the three adjectives in the sentence â€Å"The pale, gaunt, sepulchral figure seemed to float above the floor† independently describe the figure, the sentence can be revised to read â€Å"The pale and gaunt and sepulchral figure seemed to float above the floor.† And though English observes a natural sequence of types of descriptive words called the royal order of adjectives, these words are all visually descriptive, so the sequence can be reversed without affecting comprehension: â€Å"The sepulchral, gaunt, and pale figure seemed to float above the floor.† These adjectives are coordinate, and they should be separated by commas. However, in the sentence â€Å"Her thin green cashmere sweater did little to keep her from shivering,† each adjective builds on the next: â€Å"cashmere sweater,† â€Å"green cashmere sweater,† â€Å"thin green cashmere sweater.† In addition, one would not write, â€Å"Her cashmere green thin sweater did little to keep her from shivering,† because that sequence violates the royal order of adjectives. Therefore, the adjectives are noncoordinate, and no punctuation should intervene. Use these tests to determine which of the following sentences include coordinate adjectives and which contain noncoordinate adjectives: 1. The object is a small, platinum and iridium cylinder weighing exactly one kilogram. Small describes the nature of a cylinder made of platinum and iridium, so that word is not equivalent to the other adjectives, nor would the sentence be written, â€Å"The object is a platinum and iridium small cylinder weighing exactly one kilogram†: â€Å"The object is a small platinum and iridium cylinder weighing exactly one kilogram.† 2. Uber has been dogged by controversy on the road to becoming one of the most valuable, privately funded companies in the world. The modifiers â€Å"valuable† and â€Å"privately funded† are not equivalent- one would not write that the company is â€Å"valuable and privately funded† or that it is â€Å"privately funded and valuable.† A privately funded company is being described as one of the most valuable such companies in the world, so no punctuation should intervene between the adjective valuable and the descriptive phrase â€Å"privately funded companies†: â€Å"Uber has been dogged by controversy on the road to becoming one of the most valuable privately funded companies in the world.† 3. The battered, clanking, smoking vehicle lumbered along the road. The three adjectives preceding vehicle are all sensory and are thus coordinate, so punctuation is correctly employed in this sentence: â€Å"The battered, clanking, smoking vehicle lumbered along the road.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times"Have" vs "Having" in Certain ExpressionsWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

How to Earn an Online High School Diploma as an Adult

How to Earn an Online High School Diploma as an Adult Adults who didnt graduate high school realize that getting a high school diploma can improve their employment prospects and make them eligible for workplace promotions. But most don’t have the leisure of spending seven hours a day on a school campus. Online high school diploma programs offer adults the chance to schedule school work at their convenience and complete courses at their own pace. Why Degrees Are Important Before enrolling in an adult online high school diploma program, think about your needs. Completing a high school diploma can give bring personal satisfaction and can make you more competitive for some jobs. You may need a high school diploma to join the military or be hired at some entry-level jobs. And there are other options for adult education. If you have the skills and are willing to spend a couple of years in class, you may be able to go straight to a community college and complete an associate’s degree. This may be the best choice for advanced students who plan on attending college anyway. Alternatively, you may decide to take an exam and earn a GED. This choice appeals to students who have several years of remaining high school credits and would prefer a quick fix. Make sure to weigh all your options before you make a choice. Online School With Adult Programs If you decide that earning an online diploma is the best choice, the next step is to choose an online high school program. Make sure the school you select is accredited by the proper organization. Schools that are regionally accredited are the most widely accepted by employers and colleges. Many employers and colleges also accept credits from schools accredited by the Distance Education Training Council. However, a diploma from these schools will not be as commonly accepted. Make a list of questions to ask each online high school you consider. Find out: Whether the high school has an accelerated program for adults.Whether it provides support for students who need help.How much work you will need to complete. Tuition and Financial Aid If you are in your late teens or early 20s, you may qualify to finish your education at an online charter high school for free (depending on your state law.) Otherwise, you will need to pay for your classes. Ask the online high school you select whether there are any tuition assistance or financial aid programs. Many online high schools offer adult students a tuition payment program that allows payments to be spread out over a semester instead of a lump sum due at the beginning of classes. If tuition is still too steep, you may be able to qualify for an educational loan. Talk to your school and your bank. Complete the Required Courses Finishing your online high school courses may take several years or just a few weeks. As an adult, it can be difficult to manage school responsibilities in addition to a busy life. But know that your sacrifices will be worth it. Once you’ve earned your online high school diploma, take the time to celebrate. Hang your new diploma on the wall. You now qualify for a greater number of jobs and are eligible for more workplace promotions. Plus, you have the personal satisfaction of knowing you completed a worthwhile goal.

Daniel R. Headrick, The Tools of Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Daniel R. Headrick, The Tools of Empire - Essay Example He argues throughout the book, with reference to many well-researched examples, that pre-Industrial Revolution, the journeying, living and conquering of such regions simply was not possible, as the technology was just not available for this to be achieved, managed or sustained successfully. However, as Headrick argues, with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the technological advances this forged, these technological advances allowed people to travel and live in countries other than their own, such that the expansion of the Empire became possible at this period in history. Continuing on from this general introduction, throughout the book, Headrick analyzes the technological advances that allowed this dominance to proceed, both by presenting a straight-forward mechanical analysis of the actions of the people and the inventions and technological advances involved, and by presenting a detailed analysis of secondary sources, which allows him to offer an interpretation of the thoughts and motivations of the people involved; this e... Thus, the text moves forward apace, discussing what could be rather dry historical texts and documents, in a light and easy to read manner. This use of interpreting secondary sources for his own means, to present information from entirely his own perspective leads, however, to several major problems with the text, which will be discussed later in this review. In the book, Headrick spends a long time discussing inventions of relevance in this period; for example, much of the book is devoted to a discussion of anti-malarial drugs and how they enabled Europeans to travel, live and work in the tropical regions. This discussion is not, however, centred around why there was a desire to colonize and conquer these regions and its people; indeed, the book steers away from this subject at every opportunity, almost as if it is something not to be discussed. Yet this is precisely the issue that is opportune in such a tome: in scientific or technological achievements, it is usually the motivations which drive people to achieve leaps of progress, and not the leaps of progress themselves which drive people to want to achieve technological or scientific advancement. It would have been extremely interesting, as a reader, to be presented with alternate arguments for why at this particular point in history, aside from technological advances which enabled travel to these regions to become easier, Europeans decided to travel to these regions - what were they seeking Where did the funds for travel and expeditions come from How did they plan and execute journeys and colonisation strategies A more strategic analysis of the era, in terms of political and economic motivations would have been welcome, as this would have offered a complete picture of the events of the time, which

Filme review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Filme - Movie Review Example What impressed me most about the movie is that it has captured the exact economic, social, political and psychological conditions of the victims of the post world war era through showing ladies who stand in queues to get water, ruined buildings, behavior of the society when the lead character accuses the boy of stealing his bicycle etc. The visuals all point to the torn apart post war city and the dialogs of the characters further exemplify the economic situation of that era. This is evidenced when the protagonist, Antonio, tells his wife that he feels â€Å"like a man in chains† (Bicycle Thieves, 1948). This dialog right here is the epitome of the helpless situation of the working class people, that is, although they were ready to work hard for a living, they were constrained by various elements thus entailing in their jobless state and miserable life. However, on the other hand, the movie also portrays the selfless love a wife must possess towards her husband and furthermore illustrates the concepts of familial relationship and sacrifices giving them the most importance. As far as I am concerned, familial relationships are of great prominence and it is this kind of relationships and concepts that I value the most, and since the movie deftly demonstrates this, it appeals the most to me. Therefore, according to me, this was the best film I have seen as compared to other movies shown in this semester. 2) Name some of the special effects, camera techniques and camera composition used in â€Å"Citizen Kane† and how was this evidenced in the film itself? The camera techniques used in the movie â€Å"Citizen Kane† (1941), directed by Orson Wells who also performs in the title role, become evident from the scene presenting Xanadu, Kane’s old age retreat. The protagonist withdraws to this location in his old age as a symbol of his isolation from the society. The audience is first given a long shot view of the old fortress like residence wit h its gates towering over the frame. By providing such a view of his home, the audience receives a sense of Kane’s power through the overbearing view of the gate that separates the home from the rest of the world. Again, in the scene where the animals are shown, the camera pans onto the cage, again giving the viewers a sense of Kane’s power that has enabled him to create his own world, by eschewing the American way of life. Many similar cases can be seen in the movie which exemplifies the deft use of camera and angles. 3) We watched De Sica’s â€Å"Bicycle Thieves† this semester. What was so important about Italian Neorealism and how was this evidenced in the film itself? Italian Neorealism was the first post war cinematic movement that freed filmmaking from the realm of perfect worlds portrayed in the movies, thus its significance cannot be overlooked. Prior to this movement, the Italian films were greatly influenced by Hollywood movies, with which littl e could the people of Italy relate to. However, once this new trend surfaced, it transformed cinematography and boosted it into a new phase that brought to the fore movies reflecting the real life conditions of the working class people from all aspects including economic, psychological, social, moral, political etc. Bicycle Thieves evidences neorealism through the portrayal of non professional actors, natural settings and

Comparing the Last Song and Dear John Essay Example for Free

Comparing the Last Song and Dear John Essay Comparing Movies The last 2 movies I saw were The Last Song and Dear John. Considering both of these movies are sappy Nicholas Sparks books, they have a ton of similarities. They also have some differences. I saw both of these movies more than 4 months ago so I hope I can even remember enough to compare them. One similarity is about 2 people that meet in a beach setting. In The Last Song, Ronnie, who is played by Miley Cyrus and is the main character, is shipped to her fathers house in Tybee Beach, Georgia, with her mothers hopes of her losing her bad attitude due to her arents rough divorce. While she is staying there, she meets a boy named Will who she tries to repel, but she ends up falling for him. In Dear John, which is also set in North Carolina, John, who is played by Channing Tatum, is visiting his father before he goes off to the army and Savannah, who is played by Amanda Seyfried, is going to school in North Carolina spends a month in Wilmington to built a house for Habitat for Humanity. These two also meet on the beach and fall in love. Another similarity is that death happens in both of these plots. In The Last Song, Ronnies dad had been aced with a battle with cancer and in the end of the story, he lost it. Leaving behind an ex wife, a changed-for-the-better daughter, and a young, very sensitive son. In Dear John, Johns dad had been suffering from having many heart attacks and eventually died. One last similarity is how the couples in both movies fall in love over a short period of time. In The Last Song, Ronnie tries to resist Will but she falls for him anyway over about a 2 week period. In Dear John, Savannah and John meet when Savannahs purse falls into the water and John goes to retrieve it. There were sparks there from the start. They also fell in love over a 2 week period. One of the most famous lines in that movie is said by Savannah and sounds like, Two weeks together, thats all it took. Two weeks for me to fall for you. There are also many differences in these movies. One, is that in The Last Song, Ronnie and Will end up together but in Dear John, Savannah marries a man who is dying and John sells his fathers prized coin collection to get money for his treatment but Savannah still loves John as much as she did. Another difference is in Dear John, the guy in the relationship goes away and leaves the girl. That doesnt happen in The Last Song ecause Will stays around and continues to date Ronnie. One last difference between these two movies is that the girls in both plots feel completely different towards the guys in the beginning. In Dear John, it was basically love at first sight. Savannah was attracted to John from the start. In The Last Song, Ronnie didnt like Will and tried to stay away from him. Both of these movies were based on books written by the same author so it was rather easy to find similarities. The plots of these movies are different but also have some of the same aspects. Comparing the Last Song and Dear John By lucilleparr

Machiavelli And Morality Essay -- essays research papers

When reading Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince, one can’t help but grasp Machiavelli’s argument that morality and politics can not exist in the same forum. However, when examining Machiavelli’s various concepts in depth, one can conclude that perhaps his suggested violence and evil is fueled by a moral end of sorts. First and foremost, one must have the understanding that this book is aimed solely at the Prince or Emperor with the express purpose of aiding him in maintaining power. Therefore, it is essential to grasp his concepts of fortune and virtue. These two contrary concepts reflect the manner in which a Prince should govern while minimizing all chance and uncertainty. This kind of governing demands violence to be taken, however this is only done for the strict purpose of maintaining his throne, and generating both fear and admiration from his people. In all cases of violence, Machiavelli limits the amount of violence that needs to be taken down to th e minimum, and most cases the victims of these acts are enemies of the people. Behind the violence, the prince is essentially taking the role of the villain and assuming all â€Å"bad† acts so that his people do not have to suffer and commit the acts themselves. In addition, all the Prince asks for is to not threaten his power and to respect it. In the 16th Century, this request is feeble compared to those of other hierarchical Monarchies. In the end, Machiavelli’s Prince assumes all the burden of violence while leaving his noble people to act as they feel accordingly without worry of their lively hood. This is Machiavelli’s ultimate stroke of morality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before examining how the interaction of violence and politics lead to morality in the end, it is important to analyze exactly what Machiavelli demands of his Prince. First and foremost, Machiavelli harps upon the concept of fortune and virtue. By fortune, he means that everything is left to chance, while nothing will guarantee that a certain event will occur. Machiavelli writes that a â€Å"Great long standing Prince never rules with fortune.† Through risk and chance, one leaves him open to failure; thus action should be withheld if an element of chance is involved. Machiavelli ties virtue very closely to that of prudence. He defines virtue as acting exceptionally and draws a distinction between morality and virtue. In many respects Mach... ... because although one could be reveled as a martyr, the possible effects of a new prince’s statutes far outweigh the benefits of being a martyr. As a martyr people simply become energized and support your cause. However, if a Prince is such martyr, that would mean a new Prince is in power and could instill far worse conditions upon the people. Therefore, with his subjects as the top priority, morality demands that the Prince must stay alive and allow the people to prosper under his free monarchy. Machiavelli’s Prince is a book in which Machiavelli outlines the actions a Prince must take to hold and maintain power in a principality. Within the context of the book, Machiavelli brings forth the notion that prudent violence must be done in order to maintain the throne. In addition, he strongly expresses the ideology that a Prince can not be both moral and political. However, behind this argument lays the foundation of morality. The Prince’s evil actions although not moral seem to sustain morality for the subjects within his principality. The Prince assumes all immoral behaviors and thus, by sacrifices himself for the people, is indeed moral in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

An Analysis of the Social Gradient of Health in Relation Essay

An Analysis of the Social Gradient of Health in Relation to the Australian Indigenous population â€Å"The demonstration of a social gradient of health predicts that reducing inequality itself has health benefits for all, not simply for the impoverished or deprived minorities within populations. † (Devitt, Hall & Tsey 2001) The above quote from Devitt, Hall and Tsey’s paper is a relatively well grounded and well researched statement which draws on contemporary theoretical sociological concepts to support the assertion that reducing inequality is the key to improving health for all. However the assertion that the demonstration of a social gradient of health predicts that a reduction in inequality will lead to health benefits for all is a rather broad statement and requires closer examination. The intention of this essay is to examine the social gradient of health, whose existence has been well established by the Whitehall Studies (Marmot 1991), and, by focusing on those groups at the lower end of the social gradient, determine whether initiatives to address inequalities between social classes will lead to health benefits for those classes at the lower end of the social scale. The effectiveness of past initiatives to address these social and health inequalities will be examined and recommendations made as to how these initiatives might be more effective. The social gradient described by Marmot and others is interrelated with a variety of environmental, sociopolitical and socioeconomic factors which have been identified as key determinants of health. These determinants interact with each other at a very complex level to impact directly and indirectly on the health status of individuals and groups at all levels of society; â€Å"Poor social and economic circumstances affect health throughout life. People further down the social ladder usually run at least twice the risk of serious illness and premature death of those near the top. Between the top and bottom health standards show a continual social gradient. † (Wilkinson & Marmot 1998) In Australian society it is readily apparent that the lower social classes are at greater disadvantage than those in the upper echelons of society; this has been discussed at length in several separate papers on the social gradient of health and its effects on disadvantaged Australian groups (Devitt, Hall & Tsey 2001, Robinson 2002, Caldwell & Caldwell 1995). Within the context of the social gradient of health it can be inferred that Indigenous groups, for example, are particularly susceptible to ill health and poor health outcomes as they suffer inordinately from the negative effects of the key determinants of health. A simple example of this is the inequality in distribution of economic resources: â€Å"Average Indigenous household income is 38% less than that of non-Indigenous households. † (AHREOC 2004). The stress and anxiety caused by insufficient economic resources leads to increased risk of depression, hypertension and heart disease (Brunner 1997 cited in Henry 2001). Higher social status and greater access to economic resources is concomitant with a reduction in stress and anxiety levels, as individuals in these groups have more control over economic pressures which create this stress. This simple comparison proves that the social gradient of health accurately reflects how socioeconomic determinants affect the health of specific social classes at the physiological level. An extension of the research into the social gradient and the determinants of health is the examination of the pathways through which specific social groups experience and respond to these determinants. These ‘psychosocial pathways’ incorporate psychological, behavioural and environmental constraints and are closely linked to the determinants of health; â€Å"Many of the socio-economic determinants of health have their effects through psychosocial pathways. † (Wilkinson 2001 cited in Robinson 2002). These pathways have been demonstrated by Henry (2001) in the conceptual model of resource influences (Appendix A), a model which illustrates the interaction between the constraints mentioned above and their impact on health outcomes. Henry states that a central differentiator between classes is the amount of control an individual feels they have over their environment. Whereas an individual from a lower class group holds a limited sense of control over their well being and consequently adopts a fatalistic approach to health, those in higher classes with a stronger sense of control over their health are more likely to take proactive steps in ensuring their future wellbeing. This means that both individuals will cope differently with the same health problem. This is partly as a result of socioeconomic or environmental determinants relative to their situation, but it is also a result of behavioural/physical constraints and, most importantly, the modes of thought employed in rationalising their situation and actions. In essence these psychosocial pathways occupy an intermediate role between the social determinants of health and class related health behaviours.

“I’m A Fool” by Sherwood Anderson Essay

â€Å"I’m A Fool† by Sherwood Anderson takes the reader into the mind of a lying, ambivalent, uneducated and somewhat foolish youth. It is a story of a foolish incident in which he lies to a beautiful girl in attempt to win her love. His plan backfires when he realizes that she likes him for who he is, not the imaginary character whom he claimed himself to be. The theme in â€Å"I’m A Fool†, deals with the consequences associated with dishonesty and deceitfulness, and he is able to effectively reveal this theme with the use of dramatic irony. The narrator believes that stealing, swearing, getting drunk, and bandaging horses is of far greater importance than a high school diploma or university degree. Anderson is implementing irony because what the narrator says is not what the reader knows to be true; the reader knows that these skills are of little or no importance in our society. Another example of irony is when the narrator believes the whiskey and the well-dressed dandy caused him to lie to Lucy Wesson. We know, however, that the narrator lied in fear of rejection. One aspect of â€Å"I’m A Fool† is its incorrect grammar and simple, unexpressive and reoccurring descriptive words. The story is riddled with simple adverbs and injections that are used to describe the narrators emotions such as ‘Gee whizz!’, ‘Peachy’, and ‘gay’. The primitive vocabulary in some ways prevent the reader from receiving an accurate portrayal emotion therefore making the reader guess what the narrator is feeling in certain situations. For instance, â€Å"Gee whizz!† is used to describe four seemingly different emotions: enjoyment (paragraph 8), amazement (paragraph 10), regret (paragraph 38), and love (paragraph 55). Throughout the story, we see the narrator being deceptive and dishonest to others and him self on several occasions. For instance, he shows resentment towards the educated claiming that they ‘don’t know nothing at all,’ however he presents us with a new perspective towards the educated saying that ‘There are some†¦ that are all right.’ His ambivalent attitude is emphasized when he expresses thankfulness towards  his mother for teaching him ‘not be noisy and rough like a gang you see around a race track.’ If he was thankful for the morals that he was taught by his mother, one might wonder why he disobeyed his mother and became a swipe in the first place. The narrator dealt with his emotions in an immature way. Dealing with the self-disappointment resulting from his dishonesty towards Lucy Wesson, he convinces himself that he is worthless and undeserving of his job. Tragically, the narrator does not learn from his consequences. Most of us know that being dishonest towards other people is wrong and carries a consequence, yet we may deceive ourselves without realizing it. We should understand that before we can be truthful to others, we must be truthful to ourselves.

The Native †Short Story

The Native – Short Story Free Online Research Papers The sun was beginning its descent back down towards the East, where it would, in time, become dark again. The rocks in the distance almost fell behind the naturally curved shape of the island, formed by the never-ending crash of waves. Here, where he was standing, the water was quieter, calmer. The lap of the waves was subdued on the smooth wetness of the light brown sand. Not a sign of life was to be seen on the water. The only movement was a pair of gulls that soared smoothly overhead, crying softly as they moved over the shoreline in search of sustenance. Hungry eyes scanned the sea, but once again they were disappointed. Five weeks! Five weeks since life had appeared to feed the man on shore. The last stew had been made, the last bone broken and cleaned of marrow more that a week ago. Hunger was raging, hunger that a few clams or a small fish could not satisfy. The man knew there were choices. He knew of the Outside World and all that went with it. Unlike other practitioners of his lifestyle, he had entered it by choice and not by chance. After a time he became unable to change, tied by invisible chains that bound him to disgrace. What had started as a couple of knick-knacks and a picture in a book had become a run away train which could not be stopped. What was that? The man’s eyes zeroed in on the minor hum in the distance. So slight that it might have been made by an insect, the noise captured all of the watchers attention. Yes, it was nearing! Hope glowed in the eyes, hope and a hunger going beyond a bodys physical needs. The boat came closer, and as it did so he could see, the pilot was a woman, a blond haired, white clothed answer to his hopes. Perfect! Once the man had thought of taking young, but it occurred to him that they would simply become competition and had given up such thoughts. He had tried out the physical contortions once and had thought it all right, but not worth losing your head over. That one had been a blond, too, and the first day was okay, but the second less so and the aromas were becoming unpleasant. Perhaps he was missing something of the process. Maybe the blond should have been alive. He shook his head. It seemed doubtful. If that were the case men would go around scratched to pieces. No, it just wasnt what it was cracked up to be. And he remembered how the taste had suffered, because he had not cut up the body for two days and it had nearly spoiled. Not again. He tried to project his mind to the approaching woman. Yes, she was coming, she was going to land on this lonely but beautiful beach and once again he would be rewarded for his patience. He smiled, he was his own decoy, for the prey came rushing to him to learn firsthand the lessons of a lost soul. Long light brown hair sweeping softly over his shoulder, he walked down the beach to meet her. Why, hello, I didnt know anybody was on this island. Is it okay for me to land? It had been many, many years since he had spoken and he did not want to risk alarming her. So he simply nodded and smiled his warm smile. She nearly melted at the sight. Sensing his advantage, he moved forward and swept her into his arms. She hungrily returned the embrace. He didnt need the knife at his belt. His powerful arms snapped her neck like a child breaking a twig. He carried her to the tree line, and then returned to look for sign of what Outside Tribe she was from. The boat had the word Avon printed on it, but he had never heard of such a place. The boat itself was pliable; filled with air. He loaded it with rocks, paddled it two hundred yards from shore; then slashed it with his knife and swam back to his dinner. He dragged her to the edge of his fire pit and dropped to his knees beside her. A scurry of movement behind him made him jump, and just in time, for a man came out of nowhere swinging a machete. His swing missed and the tip hit the head of the dead woman. Oh, Suzie, NO. I didnt mean to. He collapsed beside her, sobbing uncontrollably. The Native was outraged. How dare this Outside Tribe man come to his beach to steal what he had taken? He roared his disapproval and rushed the foreign intruder. He scored a blow to the man’s temple and laid him out. This done, he tried to figure out where the Outsider had come from. Aha. On the beach was a board with a sail. It had no keel to speak of so it could come right up to the beach. On the sail was printed an Outside Tribe the Native had seen before. New Jersey. This tribe often stayed at the Point called Pemaquid and sailed the three miles to his island. It had made a good life for the self made cannibal. This was the first time he had ever had trouble with. WHACK! No pain came with the swift sound, but when the cannibal looked down; his right arm was missing from the elbow down. He swung around to stare into the wide, open and vacant eyes of the Outsider. The mans mouth was wide open and a river of drool spilled unheeded over his chest. Again the machete rose, and when it came down the head of the Native from Maine was rolling on the sand. The New Jersey man picked up the forearm and started to gnaw. Apparently, a new cannibal had just been born. Research Papers on The Native - Short StoryThe Spring and AutumnThe Hockey Game19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtThe Fifth HorsemanStandardized TestingLifes What IfsAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Three Concepts of PsychodynamicQuebec and Canada

Caroline Kennedy - Japan National Press Club Address

Ambassador Caroline Kennedy Address at the National Press Club of Japan delivered 17 December 2015, Tokyo, Japan All my senior colleagues from the U.S. Government [off mic, removes translation headset] head over to the Press Club at some point during their visit, and are grateful for the warm welcome, the frank discussion of issues, and the opportunity you provide for us to communicate with the people of Japan. Democracies cant function without a strong relationship between a free and independent press, and a transparent and accountable government. Im continually impressed by the serious coverage, and the wide variety of media outlets that exist here in Japan. And one of the good things is that, unlike at home, I cant understand most of what you say. Preparing for the opportunity to speak with you has given me the chance to reflect on my two years in Japan and on the year ahead and I’d like to share some thoughts with you today. First and foremost, the U.S.-Japan alliance is as strong as it has ever been. Just last weekend, the Yomiuri/Gallup poll showed that U.S.-Japan relations were in better shape than at any time since the poll was first taken 15 years ago. Thanks to the efforts of generations of Japanese and Americans in government, business, science, architecture, anime, martial arts our two countries have created a partnership that not only enriches the lives of our citizens, but plays a critical role in addressing global challenges. Our bilateral partnership is now at the center of powerful multilateral coalitions. Smaller more vulnerable countries need our help to succeed, and sometimes to survive. Problems like climate change, terrorism, poverty, disease, and nuclear non-proliferation cannot be addressed by any one country acting alone. They are global concerns that need international action. The U.S. and Japan are called upon not just to engage, but to lead. As two of the most powerful democracies in the world, we must never forget that our shared values of freedom, democracy, and the rule of law are our greatest strength. There are countless examples to prove this point, but let me mention some from just the past few weeks: Five days ago, JAXA and NASA astronauts landed safely after six months together on the International Space Station. Last month, the U.S. government began exploring the possibility of bringing Maglev to Maryland. And just last weekend, our countries were leaders at the historic COP21 talks where we committed to double our R budget[s] for renewable energy over the next five years. Each of these initiatives is built on our shared commitment to innovation and building a better, safer world. Thats why other countries look to the United States and Japan for advice, investment, and security. Two years ago when President Obama appointed me to this position, he said he wanted to send a strong message that the Rebalance to Asia was a core element of the U.S. foreign policy, and that it is built upon the unshakeable foundation of the U.S.-Japan alliance. On his State visit here in 2014, the President reiterated that the United States is a Pacific nation, that we are committed to the defense of Japan. He emphasized that this is a transformational moment for the alliance and we need to make the most of this once-in-a-generation opportunity. The President knows Prime Minister Abe to be a dynamic leader with a forward-looking vision for his country. Hes impressed with the Prime Ministers economic revitalization program and commitment to the empowerment of women. President Obama also stressed that improved relations between Japan and its neighbors is in the national interest of the United States and asked me to help move this process forward. As the first working mother to serve as U.S. Ambassador here, the President asked me to reach out to Japanese women and families to share the U.S. experience. And he asked my children to encourage their generation to invest in the future of this critically important alliance. The President hoped that sending the daughter of a Pacific War veteran to serve as Ambassador during this 70th anniversary year would remind people in both countries of the power of reconciliation and the possibilities for peace. Ive been profoundly moved by the special place that President Kennedys memory holds in the hearts of the Japanese people. Im inspired that his call to service resonates so deeply here. The warm welcome that my family has received has deepened our commitment to live up to this legacy and do our utmost to bring our two great nations even closer. Over the past two years, thanks to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ive welcomed former American POWs to the Embassy. Theyre about the same age as my father would be, and they bring the same message of reconciliation. Whether they were captured in China, survived Bataan and Corregidor, or were shot down over Tokyo despite their suffering, they also tell of kindnesses received from Japanese soldiers who shared food with them and took great risks to help them survive. For me, personally, the most powerful moment of last year was in March when I met the family of the captain of the Japanese destroyer that sank my fathers PT boat. Like my father, Captain [Kohei] Hanami went home after the war to enter public service serving as the mayor of his town in Fukushima. Seeing the photo from the 1950s that my father inscribed, To Captain Hanami late enemy, present friend was a powerful reminder that even during times of conflict, we have more in common than divides us. And only a few weeks later in April, on a grand and public scale, I watched Prime Minister Abe deliver an historic address to a Joint Session of Congress after laying a wreath at Arlington Cemeterys Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the World War II Memorial. That eloquent speech made a powerful impression on the American people. In it, the Prime Minister called our relationship an alliance of hope. And I have been struck in the recent months by the ways in which thats true. In the area of security, the passage of the Peace and Security [Preserved] Legislation and the revised Defense Guidelines1 have provided a strong foundation for our future cooperation in an increasingly tense regional environment. America has forward-deployed its most advanced radar, ships, and aircraft. Our dedicated service men and women are stationed here to put their lives on the line for the defense of Japan. And yesterday our two nations advanced an agreement in principle on a new Host Nation Support package. This five-year agreement represents another significant achievement for the alliance. The United States appreciates the support and cooperation which will underscore the Rebalance to Asia and demonstrate the enduring strength of our alliance. At joint-use bases in Misawa and Sasebo, and joint exercises like Yamasakura, I have seen the mutual respect our forces have for each other. Their strong real-world relationship is nowhere more in evidence than during the humanitarian missions weve conducted in the Philippines and Nepal. This cooperation has its roots in Operation Tomodachi, conducted in Tohoku after the tragedies of 3/11. And now, the United States and Japanese forces are working to save lives and bring hope to other countries suffering from natural disasters. In addition to bilateral security challenges, our governments must confront 21st century issues of terrorism and cybersecurity, and we must prevent the militarization of space. Were expanding our security cooperation to include regional partners like Australia and India who share the same democratic values. Strong ties between Japan and Korea are also critical to these efforts. Yet even as we increase our security cooperation and expand its scope, were mindful of its impact on local communities particularly in Okinawa.2 Thats why we have worked with the Government of Japan to develop and implement the Okinawa Consolidation plan3 which, when complete, will result in the strategic realignment of our forces across the Pacific region, the return of 68% of the land south of Kadena, and 4,000 additional hectares of environmentally pristine land, almost 20% of the total U.S. holdings. The West Futenma Housing Project, returned last March, is being developed into a state-of-the-art medical facility. And just about 10 days ago, we announced the early return of three parcels of land in Naha that will accelerate that process and reduce traffic congestion. We are going to keep working at this because we are grateful to the people of Japan for welcoming generations of U.S. service members, and we strive to be good neighbors in return. In the area of economics, our countries are closer than ever. The United States is the Number One foreign direct investor in Japan, and Japan is the second-largest investor in the United States. Companies like Boeing, Sandisk, and 3M perform state-of-the-art manufacturing here, and Apple is building a major research center in Yokohama. Together, we are expanding the frontiers of knowledge in brain science, regenerative medicine, and robotics. Disney Princesses and baseball are big business in both countries. Our strong bilateral relationship is now going global as our two countries led the region to conclude the largest, most far-reaching, high-standard trade agreement ever negotiated: TPP. This agreement will create good jobs and export opportunities for our farmers, manufacturers, and small businesses. It will lift millions out of poverty and into the middle class on both sides of the Pacific. It will promote our core values by banning child workers, raising labor standards, and requiring state-owned enterprises to compete fairly. TPP will stimulate invention and creativity in all 12 countries by protecting intellectual property. And it has strong, enforceable provisions to prevent wildlife trafficking, illegal fishing, and preserve biodiversity. As other nations join TPP and these provisions also become part of upcoming agreements with Europe, our shared values will define the economic architecture of this region and the world for years to come. And to anyone who wants to ask the follow-up question, I can answer that right now: Yes, Congress will pass TPP. Looking ahead, perhaps the most important issue for our countries to tackle together is climate change. As President Obama said of the historic agreement reached in Paris, We met the moment. But he acknowledged that our work is just beginning. The U.S. and Japan must be leaders in the movement toward a low-carbon future and help developing countries do the same. Clean and renewable energy will provide millions of jobs in a market with an estimated nine billion users by 2020 [2030?]. American and Japanese companies are already developing the cars, batteries, and power-grids of the future. As Secretary Kerry said, How we implement this agreement, how we set our targets and build it out, will determine whether we are able to address one of the most complex challenges humankind has ever faced.4 We have the solutions and the capital to implement and scale game-changing solutions right now. It makes business sense; it makes environmental sense; and its the right thing to do. In order to tackle this issue, and so many others, we need to enlist the next generation. They need to understand why their parents and grandparents invested so much in the U.S.-Japan alliance, and see it as something amazing they want to be part of. The best way to recruit them is to provide opportunities for them to get to know each other, to discover and explore life in each others countries. At the U.S. Embassy, we are making an all-out effort to meet the goal set by President Obama and Prime Minister Abe of doubling student exchange numbers by 2020. We conduct outreach programs at high schools and universities. We have a college advising system across Japan. We are energizing Japanese alumni of U.S. schools as the best advocates for study abroad. And were trying to reach out to younger students in new and different ways and involve them in issues they care about. (Im not supposed to go too fast.) [Pauses for possible translation lag] For example, Im now working with high school students in Tokyo, Okinawa, Korea, and the South Bronx in a teleconference exchange where students share their fears, hopes, and dreams for the future. We also connected an elementary school in Kyoga Misaki with one in Manchester, Massachusetts. Theyre collaborating through technology on the study of an unusual natural resource that they have in common a beach with Singing Sands. We hope both these efforts, along with more traditional ones, will inspire young Japanese and Americans to explore the wider world as they get older. The Japanese government has made significant resources available for study abroad, but we need the business community and academic institutions to keep pushing forward on this agenda.5 I know the world today can seem like a daunting place, and there are people in both our countries that would rather turn inward and stay focused at home. But we need to show our children that thats not who we are. As Japan assumes a seat on the [United Nations] Security Council for the 11th time and prepares to host the G-7, 2016 promises to be a a year when our two nations can work even more closely on our shared priorities. We are the largest contributors to the United Nations and the largest donors to the Green Climate Fund. Our healthcare experts coordinate closely in West Africa to battle Ebola. Last March, our First Ladies announced a partnership between the Peace Corps and JPOV [Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers] to educate girls in Southeast Asia. Our diplomats worked closely in recent months to implement the Iran nuclear agreement. Together, were combating terrorism and helping millions of desperate refugees build a better life. We are the people who step up. We shoulder the burdens of leadership because we have benefitted from the dialogue, partnership, and rules-based order that emerged from World War II. Prime Minister Abe calls it a proactive contribution to peace. President Obama laid out his vision at the United Nations when he said, To believe in the dignity of every individual, to believe we can bridge our differences, and choose cooperation over conflict that [is] not weakness, that is strength. It [is] a practical necessity in this interconnected world. Americans and Japanese can take great pride in the U.S.-Japan alliance. Its been built through countless acts of reconciliation and friendship. Its sustained by respect and hard work. It brings knowledge and opportunity. Our countries have distinct national cultures, myths, and traditions. These differences make the closeness of our partnership even more remarkable in todays fragmented world. Together, our nations demonstrate the power of history to bring hope, the power of knowledge to bring progress, and the power of freedom to bring peace. As citizens of the U.S. and Japan, weve been given great gifts. I hope to be worthy of them as we build the alliance of the future. Thank you. Chairman Nishimura [as translated]:6 Thank you very much, Ambassador. You touched on the 70th anniversary, TPP, and youve already answered one of the questions, the follow-up questions, so thank you very much for covering diverse topics. And we have collected many [question] cards and representatives are now checking them to ask questions to you now. Question [as translated]: [inaudible self identification] newspapers. Our time is limited, so lets start with a hard question. I would like to ask you about politics and security. This year happens to be the 70th anniversary ofthe end of World War II, and you participated in memorial services in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, so I would love your comments on visiting those two [cities.] And the G-7 will be hosted in Japan this year, so what do you think about President Obama visiting those two cities? Would you recommend the President to visit those two cities? Thank you very much. Ambassador Kennedy: Visiting Hiroshima and Nagasaki I think is one of the most powerful experiences anyone can have. I first came there in 1978 with my uncle, Senator Kennedy, and now I visited with my children, and I had a chance to walk through the Peace Park, which I hadnt been able to do at the larger ceremonies. President Kennedys proudest achievement was the limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, so it has a great personal meaning for me as well. I know that President Obama is also committed to a world without nuclear weapons, and I think anyone who goes there feels like a renewed commitment to work for peace in any way that we can. As far as the Presidents visit there, I as you know, presidential scheduling is extremely complicated, and thats many months away, so I really cant really speculate on what would be possible. Question [as translated]: Thank you. Next on Okinawa, [an] Okinawa newspaper is asking me to ask [about] Okinawa. As as you referred to in your presentation, you talked about the return of lands south of Kadena, and you also participated in the memorial service this year. Okinawa has a unique history compared to other parts of Japan and has a high concentration of U.S. bases. So what do you think about this reality? Okinawa is opposing the landfill project and relocation of Futenma, so what do you think about this point? And if Japan were to propose a Plan B alternative to the Henoko plan, is the U.S. going to consider it? Thank you. Ambassador Kennedy: Well, Okinawa the United States, first of all, is works very hard to be a good neighbor, and we are very grateful to the people of Okinawa for the support that they have given to generations of U.S. service men and women. I visited there four or five times now, and Im always struck by the strength of the communities and as well as the commitment of our service men and women. We are working hard to reduce the impact of the bases. We understand how important this is. People worked very hard, considered many options, and developed this plan that I think is the best of any other plan that was considered. And I believe that we are at a turning point, and that once the next few years will be critical and once we are able to move MCAS Futenma out of Naha, that the situation will improve. And were committed to doing that. We are working hard to do it as fast as possible. We have taken these early land return steps, as you know, and we are working to give to return additional lands as well as to realign our forces. So I think the future will be better, and I think that that plan is the plan that we should implement as fast as possible. Question [as translated]: Next question, on refugees, Syrian refugees are flowing into Europe, and there was a terrorist attack in Paris, and even in the presidential election campaign, the refugee issue is under the spotlight right now. It is a political issue in Japan as well, so I would appreciate your perspective on the refugee issue. Thank you very much. Ambassador Kennedy: I think anyone who has turned on the television can see that this is becoming the humanitarian issue of our time. I mean, this is a huge crisis, and the United States is is working hard, and so is Japan. Were grateful for the major contributions that Japan has made to improve the lives of the refugees and support them. President Obama has been very clear that we are committed to destroying ISIL and that we must also welcome refugees into the United States and and not discriminate against any Muslim-Americans that are that are our neighbors and our friends. And so I think that this issue is going to be with us for some time, and all countries have an obligation to solve the underlying conflict that is causing this crisis as well as to help the families who are forced to leave their homeland. Question [as translated]: One last question: This year happens to be the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II, and Prime Minister Abe made a statement. And Ambassador, you expressed disappointment when Prime Minister Abe visited Yasukuni Shrine, but what do you think about his statement this year? Ambassador Kennedy: Well I was here for the year, and I watched the process that the prime minister conducted with a panel and discussion, and I thought that the the United States government welcomed the statement that he released, and it had a strong expression of remorse for the past suffering that was caused by Japan as well as a commitment to uphold previous government statements. So I think that the United States and all countries recognize that Japans record over the last 70 years has really been a model for all nations. Its contributed to peace and stability and played a great role internationally, and so I think that that the U.S. government, the President, and Secretary Kerryall issued statements of support for the prime ministers statement. Question [as translated]: Thank you.On TPP I have two questions. You said the Congress will pass TPP for approval, but the U.S. is heading towards the political season, and both parties are opposing the TPP. So why are you so optimistic about TPP? Next, on Japanese agriculture, Japanese farmers worry about losing markets against cheap foreign produce including [from] the United States, but there are some options for Japanese farmers to export overseas, so do you have any tips for Japanese farmers so that their produce may be welcomed in the United States? Thank you. Ambassador Kennedy: Well, if I can take the second question first, Japanese farmers produce the most amazing products among the most amazing products in the world, so no one but Japanese farmers could produce the peach-flavored strawberry in the winter. And I have met young Japanese farmers. I work with the EnGei Agricultural high school, and I see the young people there who are committed to careers in agriculture. They have They also take care of bonsai plants at the Embassy that they are lending to me. And Ive met with Future Farmers of Japan and [Future Farmers of] America, and I know that these partnerships have been going for 50 years or more. And so I have no doubt that Japanese farmers will succeed in within the TPP context. And there will be, you know, challenges, but I visited farms where many generations are working together and growing amazing things. Theyre selling directly to consumers. Theyre selling their products, you know, in innovative ways, so and I think that what they what they produce is so exceptional that Im confident that they will be successful. As far as TPP goes, trade agreements are never easy to pass, but the American they always do, and President Obama is absolutely committed to this agreement, and he has a very strong record of achievement on things that he cares deeply about, and so I have no doubt that when this all comes together that TPP will pass. As far as politics, thats something else. Question [as translated]: Thank you. Next, on women: So you said that you have been asked by the President to share your experience with the Japanese people, and when you look at the gender gap index, Japan is below 100th in the world. Bu what do you think could be the breakthrough for Japan to move forward with womens advancement in society? Thank you. Ambassador Kennedy: Well, the first of all let me say that this is an issue that the U.S. has to work on as well. We have not solved this problem. Its still too difficult to balance work and family in the United States, but I think that by sharing our experiences we all can hopefully do better. I dont think theres one thing one breakthrough. I think this is going to take a sustained effort, and its going to have to involve men, women, children, businesses, academia and I think that this is certainly something that is in the the long-term interest of Japan and the short-term interest of its families and workers. And I think the prime minister has set forward many of the measures that need to be implemented. People know what they are revisions in the tax code, legislation, flexibility in the labor market there are many, many things that we that we could name, but I think the main thing is the commitment to steady progress, and I the women that I have seen in Japan are so dynamic, and and I think that they really have the power to transform anything they set their mind to. So I am eager and hopeful that this will be a successful initiative. Ive seen progress since Ive been here, and Im, you know, honored to be a part of it and to to watch and cheer from the sidelines. Question [as translated]: Thank you. Ambassador, you touched upon student exchange. So some Japanese young people are inward-looking, so could you explain to them what could be the merits of studying in the United States or U.S. colleges? Ambassador Kennedy: Well, I understand why they dont want to leave Japan. Its really wonderful here, but I will say that I think that studying in another country is one of the most transformative experiences you can have, and everyone that Ive spoken to myself included who have spent time studying in another country find that it changes your life. It gives you great perspective on your home as well as the country in which youre studying, and it opens up possibilities for your future that you would have never considered. And I think that that its also true that more Japanese women than men study abroad, so I think and as companies globalize and the worlds more interconnected, I think that that Japan should take advantage of this great resource as well. I think for the for kids and for parents theres this is really a great adventure, and one of the things thats exciting about having children is is being part of their adventure, and I think that they usually come home, so I always say to parents not to worry. But to the kids I think its its really one of the greatest experiences you can have, and you will come home and find opportunities and success that you that are much greater than you would have had you not taken that chance. And so I think businesses really need to work on this and convince kids that they wont lose out in the job-recruitment cycle. And I think that universities need to work on it to make it easier for students to go back and forth. And I think were working at the Embassy to partner working with MEXT to create partnerships between institutions that will make it easier for students to transfer credits, to go back and forth, to have internships. And I think that what were seeing is that there are people who are interested in doing this, but we need to make it easier easier for them. And I would like to say that there are record numbers of Americans coming to Japan in the last few years, so we need to work on the Japanese numbers, but at least our message is getting through in the United States. [Formal presentation of gift to Ambassador Kennedy] Book/CDs by Michael E. Eidenmuller, Published by McGraw-Hill (2008) 1 PDF of Guidelines here (Source: www.us.emb-japan.go.jp) 2 There is considerable controversy, regionally and beyond, concerning U.S.-Japan consolidation efforts within the Okinawa Prefecture; see, for example, here, here, here, and here. 3 Consolidation Plan for Facilities and Areas in Okinawa.pdf (Source: www.mofa.go.jp) 4 Inexact quotation, provided the reference is to Secretary Kerrys COP21 Plenary Session remarks which ran how we implement our targets, how we build this agreement, how we build it out for each of our nations and how we strengthen it in the time ahead that is what will determine whether we’re actually able to address one of the most complex challenges humankind has ever faced. A Google search did not locate any alternative content attributable to Secretary Kerry which as closely resembled the comments cited by Ambassador Kennedy. Both sets of remarks, however, are substantially similar in meaning. 5 See, for example, these resources 6 Q transcription at this point forward from Japanese to English only is a combination of the above in-video recording translation and a translation provided by japan.usembassy.gov See also (offsite): The U.S.-Japan Alliance: Review of the Guidelines for Defense Cooperation.pdf (INSS Strategic Perspectives 18 March 2015) Audio Source: DVIDShub.net Image of Kennedy Source: japan.usembassy.gov Audio Note: AR-XE = American Rhetoric Extreme Enhancement U.S. Copyright Status: Text of address QA excluded and audio = Property of AmericanRhetoric.com. Image = Uncertain. [Chairman Nishimuras introductory remarks and formal introduction of Ambassador Kennedy] Ambassador Kennedy: Good Afternoon. Thank you for inviting me to this gathering. Id like to thank Managing Director [Yoshinori] Nakai for welcoming me here today and Chairman [Yoichi] Nishimura of the planning committee for serving as the moderator. And thank you all for coming.

Single slit diffraction & double slit interference Lab Report

Single slit diffraction & double slit interference - Lab Report Example Hence, diffraction patterns usually have a series of maxima and minima. The slit must satisfy two conditions in order the diffraction occur: first, the slit should has dimensions of infinitely length to width and second, the width of the slit is on the order of the wavelength of light being used. The wavefront from a light source will form secondary waves. The one located at the top edge of the slit interferes destructively with other secondary wave located at the middle of the slit, when the path difference between them is equal to '/2. Similarly, the secondary wave just below the top of the slit will interfere destructively with the secondary wave located just below the middle of the slit. Thus we can conclude that the condition for destructive interference for the entire slit is the same as the condition for destructive interference between double slits with distance equal to half the width of the slit. The path difference is given by: When monochromatic light illuminates a double slit aperture having dimensions of the order of the wavelength of light, diffraction of light occurs if the slits width much narrower than there lengths. The incident wavefront will divided into two point sources of light which can interfere with each other to produce an interference pattern 1. Constructive Interference - When the path difference between the two beams in an integral multiplication of the wavelength. The result is brighter illumination in these regions when a crest of a wave meets a crest from another wave 2. Destructive Interference - When the path difference between the two beams in an odd multiplication of half a wavelength. The result is dark bands in these regions when a crest of a wave meets a trough from another wave Constructive interference occurs when: (3.5) Where: ' is the wavelength of the light, d is the separation of the slits, the distance between (b) and (c) in (Fig.3.1) n is the order of maximum observed (central maximum is n = 0), x is the fringe distance, the distance between the bands of light and the central maximum. L is the distance from the slits to the screen. This is only an approximation and depends on certain conditions. It is possible to work out the wavelength of the used light using this equation and the above apparatus. If (d) and (L) are known and (x) is observed, then ' can be easily calculated. Objectives: Examine the diffraction pattern formed by laser light passing through single and double slits. Verify that the positions of the minima in the diffraction pattern match the positions predicted by the theory To compare

Risk managments strategy of applaying open stack system Essay

Risk managments strategy of applaying open stack system - Essay Example t an open source cloud computing solution that is built on precise components such as storage and network components that are integrated with each other to make a complete open source cloud computing solution. Accordingly, the source code is shared with the vendors as well as the development team. Consequently, the usability of Open stack can lead to unpredictable risks. Organization try to mitigate the risks associated with this unpredictable environment may create new risks by exposing the cloud on the Internet instead of utilizing an industry compliant standardized solution. The complex customization and flexibility of opens tack that can be specific to an organization may lead to a conflict with the external open stack infrastructure. Therefore, the internal and external semantics of the cloud infrastructure is hybrid (Mears, J. 2007). Likewise, there is a risk of implementing changes on the open stack without performing impact analysis due to informal change management process. For instance, a patch needs to be deployed on the open stack and testing is required before implementation. The IT department will test the patch and attach the results in the change management form with formal approvals. After the approvals, the patch can be deployed only if the test results are all correct. Similarly, patch management for open stack can also lead to vulnerabilities that can be exploited any time. For mitigation, effective patch management process needs to be in place for testing and applying patched in the production environment. The same change management process can be adopted for patch management. However for tracking end of life and end of service for information technology assets, an asset register is require for keeping track. Ideally, an IT asset coordinator is a key person who performs these tasks (KLEPS 2015). After establishing an asset register, all the assets are now identified and ready for risk assessment. In the first step, the confidentiality,

Kiss of the Spider Woman by Manuel Puig Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kiss of the Spider Woman by Manuel Puig - Essay Example As a diversion from physical pain, the seduction from Molina's German movie provided them with considerable comfort, although it was implied that Molina's line "what about my movie It might help you forget the pain." regarded the entirety of the German movie and not merely its element of seduction. (Puig, 53) The seduction worked in the guise of a German movie being retold by Molina who happened to be a romantic escapist. It was clear in the play that Molina worked the exaggerated details of the heroine to fit his fantasies being that he identified with her thus he projected unto her the endowments that he wanted for himself. purpose of heightening the emotion of the film, it began to make sense, as the element of seduction did in a way overpower the propaganda being presented in the film because through the narration of Molina, the political issues on the Nazi and the Resistance dimmed in contrast to the love story and its morality about love and sacrifice. However, it was through Molina's fantastic escapism that Puig employed most his power of seduction as it was implied that escapism appears to be a more pain-free resort compared to political activism which stakes more sacrificed for so little change. As it can be seen how the events turned out, the characters met their ends when they pursued the path of political involvement as a way out of their prison cell.

Growth of Islamic Banking in the UK

Growth of Islamic Banking in the UK Islam is one of the worlds three major monotheistic religions; the other two religions are Judaism and Christianity. All three religions are the same historical origins and have many familiar beliefs. The main principle of Islamic banking and finance are depend on Islamic laws known as Shariah which mean (interest) (Riba) free. Interest is strictly prohibited in Islam which means Muslim cannot receive or paid interest in any transaction in which money is exchange for money. The interest that you give in order to increase the wealth of the people does not increase in the sight of Allah and the Zakat that your pay in order to win Allahs approval, its payers do indeed increases their wealth. This is very powerful and superb statement of Holy Quran which shows that interest is .prohibited by Allah because interest only increases wealth of individual not the society. Islamic banking is a financial system which is base on Islamic Shariah law and it is interest free financial system. The concept of Islamic banking is interest free banking because interest (Riba) is totally prohibited in Islam. The main belief of Islamic banking and finance is to discover the range of Islamic financial tools for investor and businesses that how they all collaborate without interest and what is the strategy behind all that and how the banks and financial institution encourage non- Muslims clients and offer them to use Islamic banking and finance system instead of conventional banking system. The adverse impacts of interest on the world economy in general and economies of developing countries in particularly entail that it could be the biggest threat for the developing economies and also believed by many renowned economists. it is estimated that US$ 200 billion funds managed by Islamic banking. The client of Islamic banking is not only in Muslim countries but also spreading in over Europe, northern Africa and United States of America. Islamic banking is growing day by day in different part of the world, thats why Islamic bankers, keeping speed with the stylish techniques and latest development have developed investment instruments that are both profitable and fairly motivated. Approximately 250 different Islamic and Financial institutions are operating worldwide. The growth of Islamic banking is a big threat to a conventional banking system not only in UK but also all over the world. Islamic banking system has six main features according to its product analysis. Interest free product It is Trade-related and there is a perceived genuine need for the funds. It is in purest form, it is equity related Meant to avoid exploitation no interest Invests ethically There are retail, and wholesale applications. In practice there appears to be more emphasis on the prohibition and restructuring of interest than on the potentially exploitative aspect of financing. Islamic banks operate on the basis of profit and not on paying and receiving interest. The banks can earn profit from these ways like trading leasing and by direct financing in Profit and Loss sharing contracts. The structure and conditions of these transactions must confirm to Shariah and fulfil its objectives. This means that banks advance money for productive activities on the basis of profit sharing principles. LITERATURE REVIEW With the beginning of 21st century there is a radical change and the number of Islamic banks increased and their geographical spread grew exceptionally and 76 countries covering all continents. There are number of publications in Arabic and Urdu, one of the famous books of (Qureshi 1946) regarding Islam and Theory of interest in which he seem that the public health and education is responsibility of government as a social services. Islam is concerned with the problem of economic development, but treats this as an important part of a wider problem, that of total human development. The primary function of Islam is to guide human development on correct lines and in the right direction. It deals with all aspects economic development but always in the framework of total human development and never in a form divorced from this perspective (Al-Harran 1993) Gerrard and Cunninghams (1997) study establishes that, in Singapore, where Muslims are in minority. The concept of Islamic banking system was not present amongst them in Muslim and non-Muslim. There are two different herd having two entirely different thoughts regarding movement of Islamic banking. For example when asked them, if Islamic bank could not make enough profit to share out among them in a period of one year so what they will do. Fifty two per cent of Muslims said they will prefer to continue their deposit with the movement of Islamic banking, and fifty six per cent non-Muslims said they will prefer to take out their money from Islamic banking. Since 1960s too much literature has been written on the topic of selection process of the banking system. Holstius and Kaynak (1995), Kaynak (1986),Laroche et al (1986) and the working paper of Chan (1989)Eroland El-Bdour (1989) evaluate the bank selection process in relation to conventional and Islamic banks. There were three very i mportant principle in the banking process of selection for Muslims were: first the provision of a fast and efficient service second the speed of transaction and third friendliness of bank personnel and as regard the non-Muslims, the three most important bank selection principle were: first, friendliness of bank personnel, second the provision of a fast and efficient service and third, the reputation and image of the bank. An Islamic bank is a mediator and trust of other peoples money like all others conventional banks the only one important thing which distinguish the Islamic banking to conventional banking which is induce all customers share in the form of profit and loss. This difference introduces an element of mutuality in Islamic banking, making its depositors as customers with some ownership rights inherent within it. However in practice, Islamic banks hardly look different from its conventional counterpart in terms of organizational set-up (Dar and Presley, 2000). Tobacco, alcohol, gambling, and other undesirable business sectors are excluded from Islamic investment. Ahmad, Chapter 7 Economics of Islam (Ahmad 1952), he give the picture of Islamic bank on foundation of a joint stock company with limited liability. According to his plan a current account of depositors where no pre-agreed interest and dividend would be paid. He gave the concept of Current account where depositors could participate with their capital as a partner with bank and get higher dividend as compare to account holder profit. Siddiqi(1968) gave a pioneer model which provide brief outline of Islamic banking. His model depends on Mudarabah and Shirka (partnership or Musharakah as it is now usually called). He divided the operation of Islamic banking into three different groups. Islamic bank will charge fees to provide any services for example commission or fixed charges. Foundation of financing in Islamic bank would be Mudarabah and partnership and services will be provided without any charges. According to his theory Islamic banking system is a feasible substitute of conventional banking system. Mohsin (1982) offered a new brief model of Islamic banking system in contemporary setting. His banking structure integrates the features of commercial, merchant, and development banks, mingle them in novel fashion. He include many non-banking services for example trust business, factoring, real estate and consultancy, as opinion that Islamic baking would be not stay alive with banking business alone. The arrival of Islamic Banking and Islamic Finance In accordance with the philosophy, culture and merit of Islam, the Islamic banking is describe as banking which is manage besides the conventional governance and risk management rules by the principle set down by Islamic Shariah. Interest free banking system is very fine perception that stands for with many banking instruments and operations, which keep away from interest. The ideology of the Islamic banking system is not only evading interest based transactions system which is proscribed in Islamic Shariah but also stay away from corrupt activities that contribute to accomplish the goals and objectives of an Islamic economy. First Islamic bank was established in 1963 in Egypt. The activities of this bank were interest free but it was secret project that made no references to Islam as the establishment in power at that time was aggressive to any form of Islamization. The real emerging started in 1970s as result of oil industry boom in the Gulf States, which flashed the appearing of liquidity and the revival of religious wakefulness in the Muslim world. In 1975 Dubai Islamic Bank was established, was a private initiative and it was established by Arab businessman. In the beginning governments did not greet this effort because Islamic finance disagreed with their investments in World Bank to get higher interest rate. In 1980ss the first Islamic banks united to form the Islamic Development Bank seen as the World bank of the Muslim world, that covering 56 Muslim world and contributes contribute Muslim economic thought. But the 9/11 brought too much changes on world economy which changed the views of Arabs whi ch and the rich Arabs withdrawing their investment from US $ accounts to be scared of having their accounts become frozen. All these scenarios created a great need of substitute of investment either in Middle East or in Europe, at the same time system was carrying out in the Middle East and its development was enhanced in Europe to fulfil the requirements of Muslim investors. In 1977-78 Pakistan started Islamic banking and financial system. Pakistan was one of the major Countries among those countries in the world that had been trying to apply completely interest free banking system. In June 1980 the modification was implemented in the legal framework of Pakistans financial and corporate system to authorize the issue of a new interest-free tools and modification were also created in the Banking Companies ordinance, 1962. The prohibition against usury (interest) was in the Quran take place on a number of times and pointed out interest and the proposal to ignore coddle in this action in Christianity and Judaism to involves its survival and the troubles that it carried for the society. The feudal lord who by virtue charging higher interest rate according to the historian and had power over those were anxious need to finance their survival. In the Old Testament (King James Version) Exodus, CHAPTER 22 M VERSES 25: If you lend money to any of my people that is poor by theem thou shalt not be to him as anusure, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury. Lecitcus Chapter 25, verses 34-36: And if the brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay by thee; then thou shalt relieve him: yea though he be a stranger, or a sojourner, that he may live with thee. Take thou no usuryof him, or increase: but fear thy God; that thy brother may live with thee. In spite of the counsel beside this apply against the system offered. The contemporary financial technique be taught a tutorial from this spiritually guidance and fully struggled to implement a structure that was inadequate the level of usurious abuse. To build the market of debt based upon competition which encourage unfair nature of usury which was supposed to be decided by the forces of market vie each other. If we bring light to current scenario of global arena, we can easily realize that it is a development of the ancient feudal system and different countries facing the same dilemma as individual did prior as the conventional Jewish lending system of the shylocks to the Indian feudal system. Actually Debt to GDP ratio is the vigorous gauge for the countries who burden debt. Islamic financial and banking system depend on the Islamic economy system and the success ratio of this system could be determine in such a way that conventional banks start their Islamic windows not only in Muslims countries but also in the non-Muslim countries where Muslims are not dominated. Some famous Western banks have Islamic subsidiaries as, Citibank, American Express, HSBC, ABN Amro, Bank of America, Standard Chartered, Commerz bank, Barclays, Dutch Bank, ANZ Grindlays, Royal Bank of Canada and many others banks in the world and this list of bank is raising day by day. On the other hand some countries such as Pakistan, Sudan and Iran adopted 100% Islamic banking and they are successful in banking system. It is fairly true that Islamic banking system is depend upon risk –sharing. The Islamic banks are involved in the practice of trading, leasing and various other modes of financing according to Shariah compliant. If the Islamic banks are stable to get Halal income, depositors as well get stable and Halal income definitely. Interest (riba) is proscribed in Islam either getting or giving interest, despite of what reason the loans are composed and what the rates on which interest will be charged. This is the main opinion among Muslim scholars and all are agree on it that interest and riba is same thing. Amanah is placed to recognize the formation and deal out the financial services that are linked with the necessities of the Shariah (Islamic Law). Islamic banking has the same principle as conventional banking except that it operates in accordance with the Shariah principles. The basic ideology of Islamic banking is the sharing of profit and loss and the proscription of Riba (Interest). Islamic banking has grown in the Muslim world and offer Islamic products and services to make sure that the procedure and practices of the bank abide by the sharpie principles. HSBC logged the Amana banking because to make it possible for the Muslims to bank in accordance to their values and beliefs and they do not want to lose their Muslim customers in Islamic countries as a result of the emergence of Islamic banking. Its headquarter is in the UAE and have regional representatives in the UK, US, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei have resources of HSBC group and HSBC Amanah distribute the financial resources that are according to the requirements of the Shariah (Islamic Law). The western media suggest that Islamic banking in its present form is a recent phenomenon; in fact the basic practices and principles date back to the early part of the seventh century. (Islamic finance A Euromoney publication 1997). According to Khalaf (2007) Due to the different believes in Muslims community Islamic banking facing deficient in affirmation of decisions. Shortage of scholars is a big and serious issue in Islamic banking system because managers are not qualified and trained to practices the Islamic finance (Iqbal, Ahmad and khan,1998). Islamic banking has not a big network in UK and Islamic bank of Britain has only eight branches in whole UK which is not enough to fulfil the requirement of Muslim customers. The opening of Islamic window in conventional bank is a big threat. Islamic banking needs to improve their services and keep priority of Islamic Sharia. Islamic banking has great opportunity to grow in UK. Because number of Muslims from different countries of world live in UK. Islamic banking is facing difficulties and challenges to growing in UK due to lack of understanding about Islamic banking in the customers and shortage of Islamic Scholars in UK. RESEARCH METHDOLOGY The Research Process Remenyi, Williams, Money and Swartz (2002:64-65), explains the research process as consisting of eight specific phases, namely: Reviewing the literature. Formalising a research question. Establishing the methodology. Collecting evidence. Analysing the evidence. Developing conclusions. Understanding the limitations of the research. Producing management guidelines or recommendations According to Hussey, J Hussey, R (1997:15), there are six fundamental stages in the research process, namely: The identification of the research topic. Definition of the research problem. Determine how the research is going to be conducted. Collection of the research data. Analysis and interpretation of the research data. Writing up the dissertation or thesis. There will be two analysis methods that are used in this research. Factor analysis will be used reduce group and independent variables whereas logistic regression will be used to analyze the correlation between the categorical dependent variable with the independent variables found in the factor analysis. Primary data will be located for the purpose of analysis which will be further discussed in the collection of data section Analysis of Data The topic of my dissertation is The Growth of Islamic banking in UK as conventional finance, a look in to past, present and our hopes for the future. It is surprising to realize that how far and fast Islamic finance has come and how well it has managed to meet the challenges it faced in two decades. Islamic banking has worked reasonably well even in short history, but it always does face challenges. All of these challenges are technical in nature. The rapid growth of emerging market in developing countries is a very hopeful sign that with strong commitment in the next decade due to existing institutional and technical hindrances that may have hampered efficient operation of Islamic banking will be removed. The dissertation is based on the following research questions. What are the component of Islamic banking and how it works? Why all the arguments about the rate of interest in Islam? What make Islamic bank differ from a conventional bank? How much better working of Islamic finance in the views of customers in UK? Why the growing rate of Islamic finance is high as compare to other European countries? Customers satisfaction regarding Islamic banking system in UK? How Islamic finance as a substitute to conventional banking system in UK? Different prospects and threaten for Islamic banking system in UK? Aims and Objectives: Key aims and objectives were established, for accomplishing the project. They are thoroughly explained down below. Aims of research project are: To understand the basic principle of Islamic banking system. To discuss the role of Shariah board and its importance in Islamic banking. To describe the different financial contracts, which Islamic banking offers Objectives of the project are: To compare the major differences between Islamic and conventional banking system. To explore the problems faces by Islamic banking. To find out why the growing rate of Islamic finance is high as compare to other European countries To give recommendations for the acceptance of credit card and some other problems. Actually this study in groping in nature, therefore a review of peoples and bank Managers and sub-managers was appropriate method for data collections. The data collected by this method from UK and from individuals would mean that the data bring together is given that only estimation of entire population. A questionnaire was designed for the population to analyze the perceptions towards Islamic banking. Moreover the implication of this kind of exclusive study on this topic, there were numerous constraint. Primary Data From the informal interviews and from the Questionnaire survey together the primary data from the few important people from the banking industry are gathered. For this purpose information collected from senior management from HSBC and Islamic bank of Britain through emails telephonic and face to face interview. Questionnaire survey has been arranged amongst Muslims and non-Muslims population of UK. Secondary Data The information gathered for this dissertation has been mainly obtained from the secondary data, which includes books, journals, research material and websites. Limitations This result may not be indicative for the target respondents due to small sample size and limited time period. Due to limited knowledge of respondent or unawareness about Islamic banking, their replies shown their own imagination or thoughts. The data gathered from the respondents and from the country like United Kingdom where people have a limited knowledge of Islamic banking as against to the conventional banking even the Muslim of the country have an inadequate knowledge of the Islamic banking. Therefore the result about the Islamic banking should be taken only as analytical and perspective rather than decisive. The research will familiarize the readers with the principle of Islamic Sharia and provide an insight into the rules and principles of Islamic banking as well. In spite of the fact that Islamic banks are operating successfully along with the conventional banks and playing a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom. Delimitations: This study is limited to the findings and evidences based on my research mainly to the responses of the organisation involved in the project. I am choosing not to observe multiple teams, even though such comparisons might be valuable, in order to allow more depth of understanding regarding the group on which I will focus.   Additionally,  I will not use structured interviews in order to minimise my obtrusiveness. Ethical considerations: I shall immediately report to my supervisor or my college if any difficulties encounters in complying with the ethical standards. In the final research report i shall describe how i complied with the ethical standards in carrying out the Project. The identity of individuals from whom information is obtained in the course of the Project shall be kept strictly confidential. At the conclusion of the Project, any information that reveals the identity of individuals who were subjects of research shall be destroyed unless the individual concerned has consented in writing to its inclusion beforehand. Plagiarism According to the definition given in the 1997 New Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language, plagiarism is the unauthorized use of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as ones own (508). Pyper (2000) defines plagiarism as: .. simply theft. It is taking the words, ideas and labour of other people and giving the impression that they are your own.. To avoid plagiarism I will document the sources properly using Footnotes, Endnotes, or Parenthetical References, and i will write a Bibliography, References, or Works Cited page and place it at the end of the research paper to list the sources used. I will credit another persons idea, opinion or theory I will credit any facts, graphs, drawings, any pieces of information that are not common knowledge. I will credit whenever i use quotations of another persons actual spoken or written words or paraphrase of another persons spoken or written words. I will try to use my own words. I am not expecting to write as professionally as the authors of the books and journals which i am going to read so i will be confident enough to write my own ideas in my own words. I will Plan my assignments in good time, so i am not tempted to make shortcuts.